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Related Experiment Videos

Self-administered Nicotine-Dependence Scale (SANDS): item selection, reliability estimation, and initial validation

L J Davis1, R D Hurt, K P Offord

  • 1Section of Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.

Journal of Clinical Psychology
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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The Self-Administered Nicotine-Dependence Scale (SANDS) is a new tool to guide nicotine-dependence interventions. This 32-item scale accurately predicts smoking status six months later.

Area of Science:

  • Addiction research
  • Psychometrics
  • Behavioral science

Background:

  • Nicotine dependence requires tailored interventions.
  • Existing assessment tools may lack comprehensive domains.
  • The Self-Administered Nicotine-Dependence Scale (SANDS) was developed to address these needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate the Self-Administered Nicotine-Dependence Scale (SANDS).
  • To assess the scale's ability to predict future smoking status.
  • To identify key domains relevant to nicotine dependence.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the SANDS from an initial 79 items to a 32-item scale.
  • The 32-item scale was divided into two 16-item subscales.
  • Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate predictive validity in an independent sample.

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Main Results:

  • The final SANDS comprises 32 items across six domains: self-efficacy, social skills deficit, loss of control, consequences of use, social support for smoking, and concern for healthy lifestyle.
  • The SANDS demonstrated significant predictive power for smoking status at 6 months.
  • The scale added predictive value beyond demographic (sex) and treatment (transdermal-patch) information.

Conclusions:

  • The SANDS is a validated psychometric tool for assessing nicotine dependence.
  • The scale effectively predicts future smoking behavior.
  • Findings support the use of SANDS in clinical settings to personalize smoking cessation interventions.