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Backward masking performance during and after manic episodes

K Fleming¹, M F Green

¹National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, Maryland.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

|February 1, 1995

Summary

Manic patients show impaired backward masking performance compared to controls, a deficit not solely tied to manic episodes and potentially influenced by lithium treatment.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive neuroscience
Psychiatric disorders
Visual perception

Background:

Backward masking is a visual perception task used to assess information processing.
Bipolar mood disorder is characterized by mood fluctuations, including manic episodes.
Cognitive deficits are often observed in individuals with bipolar disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate backward masking performance in bipolar disorder patients during manic episodes and after recovery.
To determine if cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder are persistent or episode-specific.
To explore factors associated with impaired masking performance, such as psychotic symptoms and lithium treatment.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal study design with 16 bipolar inpatients and 16 healthy controls.
Assessment of backward masking using staircase and set interstimulus interval methods.
Clinical state evaluation using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.

Main Results:

Bipolar patients exhibited significantly worse backward masking performance than controls at both assessment points.
The performance deficit was not significantly influenced by the time of assessment (manic vs. post-manic episode).
Impaired masking was not linked to psychotic symptoms but showed a partial association with lithium treatment.

Conclusions:

The cognitive deficits in backward masking for bipolar disorder patients extend beyond the acute manic phase.
Lithium treatment may play a role in the observed masking performance in bipolar patients.
Backward masking may serve as a potential cognitive marker for bipolar disorder, even in remission.

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