Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination and tuberculin skin testing programs in long-term care facilities: where do we...

1) To compare policies and procedures for distribution of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines to long-term care facilities for the elderly in Canada, 2) to determine vaccination rates of residents and staff, and 3) to describe vaccination and tuberculin skin testing programs in these facilities.

A cross-sectional survey consisting of telephone interviews and a mailed questionnaire was conducted in the spring of 1991. Telephone interviews were conducted with provincial/territorial epidemiologists. The questionnaire was sent to all (N = 1.520) Canadian long-term care facilities for the elderly with > or = 25 beds.

There were 1,270 responding facilities (84%). The mean overall influenza vaccination rate for residents was 78.5%. The mean vaccination rate was higher in those provinces in which the vaccine was paid for by the government (79% versus 71%; P = 0.002). Only 19% of facilities reported staff vaccination rates > 25%; rates again were higher in those provinces in which vaccine for staff was provided by the government. Pneumococcal vaccine was offered to residents in 12% of the facilities. The proportions of facilities with > 10% and > 75% of residents vaccinated were significantly higher in the provinces where the pneumococcal vaccine was recommended and paid for as compared with those where it was not (P < 0.001 for both). Tuberculin skin testing programs for residents existed in 360 long-term care facilities (28%) across the country.

In 1990, the number of residents living in Canadian long-term care facilities who were vaccinated against influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae was suboptimal. Staff influenza vaccination rates were very low across the country. Most facilities did not have a baseline tuberculin skin test status for their residents. Vaccination rates are higher in jurisdictions in which governments provide the vaccine without charge.