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Nocardial infections in the United States, 1972-1974
Abstract:
A survey of members of the Infectious Diseases Society of America indicated that nocardial infections are not rare. Probably between 500 and 1,000 cases are recognized in the United States each year, of which 85% are serious pulmonary or systemic infections. Although nocardial infections are usually opportunistic infections in the compromised host, at least 15% of the infections in this series occurred in patients without a definable predisposing condition. Nocardial infections occurred in a random geographic distribution within this country, with affected males outnumbering females by 3:1. Most patients were between the ages of 21 and 50 years; however, the age range was broad. The number and variety of infections caused by Nocardia species other than Nocardia species other than Nocardia asteroides have been underestimated. Between 8.6% and 18.8% of pulmonary-systemic infections in this series were caused by species of Nocardia other than N. asteroides.
Insights
Nocardial infections are common, with 500-1,000 US cases annually, often serious. These infections can affect even healthy individuals, not just the immunocompromised.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Nocardial infections are increasingly recognized.
- These infections can be serious, affecting the lungs and systemic systems.
- While often opportunistic, they can occur in immunocompetent individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To survey the incidence and characteristics of nocardial infections in the United States.
- To assess the spectrum of Nocardia species causing human infections.
- To identify risk factors and demographic patterns associated with Nocardia infections.
Main Methods:
- A survey of Infectious Diseases Society of America members.
- Analysis of reported nocardial infection cases across the US.
- Review of patient demographics, infection types, and predisposing conditions.
Main Results:
- Estimated 500-1,000 US cases annually, 85% being pulmonary or systemic.
- 15% of infections occurred in patients without identifiable predisposing conditions.
- Males were affected 3:1 over females; common age range 21-50 years.
- Nocardia species other than N. asteroides caused 8.6%-18.8% of pulmonary-systemic infections.
Conclusions:
- Nocardia infections are a significant public health concern, affecting diverse patient populations.
- The role of non-asteroides Nocardia species in human disease is underestimated.
- Further research is needed to understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of nocardiosis.