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Vision and driving in the elderly

C Owsley1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine/Eye Foundation Hospital, University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|December 1, 1994
PubMed
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The useful field of view (UFOV) test effectively identifies older drivers at risk for crashes. Impaired vision or cognition increases crash risk, but UFOV testing shows superior predictive ability.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Older drivers face increased risk of vehicle crashes.
  • Identifying specific visual and cognitive factors contributing to this risk is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify visual and cognitive factors associated with crash risk in older drivers.
  • To evaluate the predictive utility of the Useful Field of View (UFOV) test.

Main Methods:

  • 294 older drivers (ages 55-90) were assessed for eye health, visual functions, UFOV, and cognitive status.
  • Participants were stratified by age and prior crash history (0-4 crashes in 5 years).
  • Crash data was collected retrospectively (5 years prior) and prospectively (3 years after testing).

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Main Results:

  • Visual sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, and reduced UFOV size were linked to higher crash risk.
  • The UFOV test demonstrated superior sensitivity and specificity in identifying at-risk older drivers compared to other measures.

Conclusions:

  • The UFOV test's effectiveness stems from its assessment of both visual processing and attention.
  • Interventions targeting visual sensory or attentional deficits may reduce accident risk in older drivers.