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Affectivity in cocaine and opiate abusers

D S Keller1, A Wilson

  • 1Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway.

Psychiatry
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Substance abusers exhibit impaired affect tolerance and expression compared to non-abusers. Cocaine abusers showed less impaired affect expression than opiate abusers, though both groups struggled under stress.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Psychoanalytic theories link substance abuse to impaired affect tolerance and expression, potentially stemming from preverbal influences.
  • Previous psychoanalytic contributions were primarily speculative or based on case studies.
  • This study aimed to empirically investigate these psychoanalytic hypotheses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare affect tolerance and expression in opiate abusers, cocaine abusers, and a control group.
  • To test if opiate abusers exhibit greater impairment than cocaine abusers.
  • To assess the utility of the Epigenetic Assessment Rating System (EARS) in measuring these phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Epigenetic Assessment Rating System (EARS) to measure verbal and preverbal phenomena.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Compared 25 opiate abusers, 25 cocaine abusers, and 25 matched controls.
  • Matched participants on age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES).

    • Main Results:

    • Both opiate and cocaine abusers showed significantly impaired affect tolerance and expression compared to controls.
    • Affect tolerance did not differ significantly between opiate and cocaine abusers.
    • Cocaine abusers demonstrated less impaired preverbal affect expression than opiate abusers, but regressed under stress.

    Conclusions:

    • Substance abuse, particularly opiate and cocaine use, is associated with significant impairments in affect tolerance and expression.
    • Affect expression, but not tolerance, can differentiate between opiate and cocaine abusers.
    • EARS provides an empirical method to assess developmental phenomena linked to substance abuse and affect regulation.