[Vasopressin as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator]

Recent data about the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) are reviewed which show that except its well known peripheral endocrine functions, it has another not less important function as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the central nervous system. AVP facilitates learning and memory consolidation. Data are also presented about the primary structure of AVP precursor and the sites of its synthesis, as well as about the AVP receptors and the mechanism of its action in different brain areas. Data are given about the ways of inactivation of its second messengers inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate and diacylglycerol. There are also data about AVP antipyretic effect in septum. A hypothesis is presented that the action of some nonsteroid antipyretic substances is mediated through V1-receptors of AVP in septum.