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Related Concept Videos

Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs
12:03

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs

Published on: April 25, 2014

Ischaemia and left ventricular hypertrophy

J E Otterstad1

  • 1Medical Department, Vestfold Central Hospital, Toensberg, Norway.

European Heart Journal
|October 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Hypertension often leads to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), increasing the risk of myocardial ischemia. This study found a high prevalence of ischemia in hypertensive patients with LVH, suggesting a need for targeted treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in hypertensive patients.
  • LVH and myocardial ischemia pose significant risks, especially when co-occurring in hypertension.
  • The THAMES study investigated the prevalence of ischemia in this high-risk group.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of myocardial ischemia in hypertensive patients with LVH.
  • To assess the diagnostic utility of exercise ECG and thallium scintigraphy in this population.

Main Methods:

  • The Tenormin in Hypertension and Myocardial Ischaemia Epidemiological Survey (THAMES) included 205 hypertensive men.
  • Echocardiography diagnosed LVH (left ventricular mass index >= 130 g m-2).

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Generation and Characterization of Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction Induced by Permanent Ligation of the Right Coronary Artery in Mice
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Generation and Characterization of Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction Induced by Permanent Ligation of the Right Coronary Artery in Mice

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Permanent Ligation of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery in Mice: A Model of Post-myocardial Infarction Remodelling and Heart Failure
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  • Exercise ECG and thallium scintigraphy identified myocardial ischemia.

    • Main Results:

    • LVH was present in 68% of hypertensive patients (140/205).
    • Myocardial ischemia was diagnosed in 24% of LVH patients via exercise ECG.
    • Thallium scintigraphy detected ischemia in 14% of LVH patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Hypertensive patients with LVH exhibit a notable prevalence of myocardial ischemia.
    • Reversing LVH and reducing ischemia are logical therapeutic goals.
    • While ACE inhibitors are effective for LVH regression, beta-blockers offer anti-ischemic benefits.