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[Drug-induced movement disorders]
1Department of Psychiatry, Kitasato University School of Medicine.
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|November 1, 1993
Summary
Many drugs can cause movement disorders, often by affecting dopamine in the brain. Some medications, like calcium and H2 blockers, also induce these symptoms through less understood mechanisms, particularly in elderly or impaired patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Movement Disorders
Context:
- Movement disorders are a known side effect of various medications.
- Dopaminergic pathways in the basal ganglia are frequently implicated.
- Mechanisms for some drug-induced movement disorders remain unclear.
Purpose:
- To review the mechanisms of drug-induced movement disorders.
- To highlight drugs beyond those affecting dopaminergic transmission.
- To discuss specific drug classes like neuroleptics, calcium channel blockers, and H2 blockers.
Summary:
- Neuroleptic drugs can cause extrapyramidal symptoms (dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism) due to imbalances in striatal dopamine and acetylcholine.
- Calcium channel blockers and H2 blockers may also induce or worsen parkinsonism and other extrapyramidal symptoms.
- Elderly patients are more susceptible to calcium channel blocker-induced symptoms, while renal/liver dysfunction is a risk factor for H2 blocker-induced disorders.
Impact:
- Enhances understanding of medication side effects on motor function.
- Identifies specific drug classes and patient populations at risk.
- Suggests areas for further research into the mechanisms of drug-induced movement disorders.