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Related Experiment Videos

Glutamate impairs neuronal calcium extrusion while reducing sodium gradient

L Kiedrowski1, G Brooker, E Costa

  • 1Fidia-Georgetown Institute for the Neurosciences Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20007.

Neuron
|February 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Elevated intracellular sodium ([Na+]i) during glutamate stimulation slows neuronal calcium ([Ca2+]i) removal. This suggests high [Na+]i disrupts calcium homeostasis, impacting neuronal function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Physiology
  • Neurochemistry

Background:

  • Neuronal calcium ([Ca2+]i) regulation is critical for cell function.
  • Glutamate stimulation and K+ depolarization elevate intracellular calcium.
  • The role of intracellular sodium ([Na+]i) in modulating calcium extrusion dynamics is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of glutamate-induced intracellular sodium ([Na+]i) increase on neuronal calcium ([Ca2+]i) extrusion rates.
  • To determine if elevated [Na+]i during glutamate pulses affects calcium homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous monitoring of intracellular sodium ([Na+]i) and calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels in neurons.
  • Induction of [Ca2+]i elevation using glutamate pulses and K+ depolarization.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Pharmacological manipulation using bepridil to assess Na+/Ca2+ exchanger activity.

    • Main Results:

    • Glutamate pulses caused a sustained increase in [Na+]i (up to 60 mM), unlike transient increases during K+ depolarization (up to 13 mM).
    • Bepridil application during high [Na+]i post-glutamate stimulation induced a [Ca2+]i increase and [Na+]i decrease, indicating reversed Na+/Ca2+ exchanger activity.
    • Restored basal [Na+]i levels prevented this bepridil-induced effect.

    Conclusions:

    • The glutamate-evoked increase in intracellular sodium ([Na+]i) significantly slows the rate of calcium ([Ca2+]i) extrusion from neurons.
    • Elevated [Na+]i during glutamate stimulation may destabilize neuronal calcium homeostasis.
    • The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger's function is modulated by intracellular sodium levels, impacting calcium regulation.