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Somatostatin: physiology and clinical applications
1Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
Bailliere'S Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|January 1, 1994
Summary
Somatostatin (SOM), a gut peptide, regulates gastrointestinal functions and is a therapeutic agent for tumors and bleeding. Its analogue, octreotide, shows promise for specific treatments.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Endocrinology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Somatostatin (SOM) is a widespread gastrointestinal peptide regulating secretions, motility, and blood flow.
- It plays a key role in the gastrin-acid feedback loop and functions via endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, and neurocrine pathways.
- Diverse SOM receptors with distinct distributions and mediators have been identified.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the functions and therapeutic applications of Somatostatin (SOM) and its analogue, octreotide.
- To highlight the potential of developing specific SOM analogues for targeted clinical use.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Somatostatin (SOM) functions and clinical applications.
- Analysis of Somatostatin (SOM) analogue (octreotide) efficacy and limitations.
- Discussion of Somatostatin (SOM) receptor research and future therapeutic development.
Main Results:
- Somatostatin (SOM) exhibits inhibitory actions on gastrointestinal functions and is crucial in feedback loops.
- Octreotide, an SOM analogue, is used for gastroenteropancreatic tumors, fistulae, variceal bleeding, and diarrhea, but has limitations.
- Labeled octreotide aids in tumor localization via scintigraphy.
Conclusions:
- Somatostatin (SOM) and its analogues, like octreotide, offer significant therapeutic potential in gastroenterology.
- Targeted development of SOM analogues based on receptor research may lead to more specific and effective treatments.
- Further research into SOM receptors could unlock novel therapeutic strategies for various gastrointestinal conditions.