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Related Experiment Videos

Gastrointestinal neurotransmitters

K McConalogue1, J B Furness

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Bailliere'S Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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COMPARATIVE GUT PHYSIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Comparative physiology of digestion.

Journal of animal science·2015

The enteric nervous system uses conserved primary neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and nitric oxide, while subsidiary transmitters vary across gut regions and species. This highlights conserved functions and regional specializations in gut neurochemistry.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The enteric nervous system (ENS) comprises intrinsic and extrinsic neurons controlling gastrointestinal function.
  • Over 30 neuronal types and ~25 neurotransmitters exist within the ENS.
  • Neurons often use multiple transmitters: a primary one and subsidiary ones/neuromodulators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles and conservation of primary neurotransmitters in the ENS.
  • To differentiate between conserved primary transmitters and variable subsidiary transmitters/neuromodulators.
  • To map specific neurotransmitter roles in different ENS neuronal classes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current evidence on ENS neurotransmitter function.
  • Analysis of neurotransmitter roles in various neuronal subtypes (motor, sensory, secretomotor).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of transmitter usage across different GI tract regions and species.

    • Main Results:

    • Primary ENS transmitters are conserved across species and gut regions.
    • Acetylcholine, nitric oxide, tachykinins, and gastrin-releasing peptide are identified as primary transmitters in specific ENS neurons.
    • Subsidiary transmitters (e.g., ATP, vasoactive intestinal peptide) show regional variability.

    Conclusions:

    • ENS primary neurotransmitters are evolutionarily conserved, ensuring consistent neuronal function.
    • Subsidiary transmitters and neuromodulators contribute to regional specialization within the ENS.
    • Understanding these transmitter roles is crucial for deciphering gut physiology and pathology.