[Orthopedic and biomechanical concepts of sports shoe construction]

Based on anatomical, orthopaedic and epidemiological considerations two sets of concepts relevant for sport shoe construction have been proposed and discussed, one for the reduction of excessive load and one for the improvement of performance. The concepts for excessive load reduction are cushioning, support and guidance. These can be achieved by altering the material properties or the construction of the shoe. The concepts for improving performance are, first, that energy should be returned at the right location, at the right time, with the right frequency, and second, that reduction of loss of energy is more important than return of energy.