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Pattern formation and eyespot determination in butterfly wings

S B Carroll1, J Gates, D N Keys

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Madison, WI.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Butterfly wing patterns arise from two spatial coordinate systems, with conserved genes specifying position and elaborating elements like eyespots. This suggests a shared evolutionary origin with insect appendage development.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Insect morphology

Background:

  • Butterfly wings exhibit diverse patterns and colors.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of these patterns is crucial.
  • Drosophila appendage patterning genes offer insights into butterfly wing development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify molecular processes generating butterfly wing patterns.
  • To analyze expression patterns of butterfly gene homologs.
  • To compare wing patterning mechanisms with insect appendages.

Main Methods:

  • Cloning of butterfly gene cognates of Drosophila patterning genes.
  • Analysis of gene expression patterns in developing butterfly wings.
  • Comparative analysis of gene function and expression.

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Main Results:

  • Butterfly wing patterns are organized by two conserved spatial coordinate systems.
  • A general system provides positional information across the wing.
  • A second system refines pattern elements, including eyespots marked by Distal-less gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Butterfly wing patterning shares mechanisms with Drosophila appendage development.
  • Eyespot formation may have evolved from proximodistal patterning.
  • Conserved genes play key roles in elaborating discrete pattern elements.