Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa of childhood

The clinical presentation of childhood polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) can range from isolated cutaneous findings to widespread multisystem involvement. Both the systemic and cutaneous forms are known to occur after streptococcal infection.

Our purpose was to emphasize the frequent association of childhood cutaneous PAN with antecedent streptococcal infection.

We discuss four cases of cutaneous PAN that were associated with streptococcal infection and briefly review the pertinent literature.

All patients had evidence of preceding streptococcal infection at the onset of their illness. Although mild systemic symptoms were present in all, their course was benign. The use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents or corticosteroids resulted in clinical improvement. Antibiotic therapy was also used in the treatment of these patients.

In children with PAN, evaluation should include laboratory studies to detect streptococcal infection.