Bacteria and pesticides: a new aspect of interaction--involvement of a new biofactor

Positively charged hydrophobic pesticides of the dipyridyl family [diquat, paraquat, benzylviologen (BV++), etc.] were shown to provoke accumulation of 2-methylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetraol-2,4- cyclopyrophosphate in the cells Corynebacterium (Brevibacterium) ammoniagenes while neutral dipyridyls were not. Hydrophobicity was also an important factor in this phenomenon. Of the other pesticides tested, only linuron was effective. BV++ also induced biosynthesis of the compound in Rhodococcus rhodochrous, Rh.ruber, Rh.sp. (Nocardia corynebacteroides). These microorganisms as well as most of the previously identified oxidative stress activated producers of this new cyclopyrophosphate were able to synthesize free radical generating compounds. The microorganisms concerned belong mainly to the order Actinomycetales.