Mitogenic factors of corpora lutea

The mammalian corpus luteum (CL), which plays a central role in the reproductive process because of its production of hormones such as progesterone, appears to be an exceptionally dynamic organ. Its rate of growth and development are extremely rapid and, even when the CL is functionally mature, its rate of cell turnover remains relatively high. Associated with this high rate of cell turnover, the mature CL receives the greatest blood supply per unit tissue of any organ, and also exhibits a relatively high metabolic rate. Although numerous growth factors have been identified in luteal tissue, their role in growth and differentiation of this dynamic organ remains unclear. Recently, while attempting to identify mitogenic factors of ovine and bovine CL, we have found that they produce several mitogens during the estrous cycle as well as pregnancy. The majority of these luteal-derived mitogenic factors are heparin-binding, and although some may represent previously identified factors, several appear to be novel heparin-binding growth factors. Isolation and purification of mitogenic factors produced by the CL will enable us to determine their roles in luteal growth, development and differentiated function, which will contribute to our understanding not only of the regulation of fertility but also of tissue growth and development in general.