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Fatness in relation to substrate oxidation during exercise

B J Geerling1, M S Alles, P R Murgatroyd

  • 1MRC Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge, UK.

International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
|July 1, 1994
PubMed
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This study found no link between how the body uses fuel during exercise and obesity. Muscle fiber type differences do not appear to cause excess body fat, refuting a previous hypothesis.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Human Metabolism
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Previous research suggested muscle fiber type influences fuel utilization and may contribute to obesity.
  • The Wade et al. hypothesis proposed a link between substrate oxidation differences and obesity etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that muscle fiber-type-determined fuel utilization is an etiological factor for obesity.
  • To investigate the relationship between body fatness and fuel utilization during exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Indirect calorimetry assessed respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during three cycle ergometer exercises.
  • Body fatness was measured using skinfolds, densitometry, and dual X-ray absorptiometry in 37 untrained men.
  • Exercises included a replication of the Wade protocol and two standardized protocols (fasted and fed) at 45% VO2max.

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Main Results:

  • No significant correlations were found between body fatness and RER across any of the exercise conditions.
  • The results did not support the hypothesis linking substrate oxidation patterns to body fatness.
  • Wade's original subjects were noted to be abnormally lean, potentially confounding their findings.

Conclusions:

  • The study refutes the hypothesis that differences in fuel utilization, dictated by muscle fiber type, are a cause of obesity.
  • Observed correlations in prior studies may be influenced by confounding factors like fitness and fatness levels.
  • A direct causal relationship between substrate oxidation during exercise and obesity was not established in this investigation.