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A new classification of developmental language disorders (DLD)

M Korkman1, P Häkkinen-Rihu

  • 1Department of Child Neurology, University of Helsinki, Children's Castle Hospital, Finland.

Brain and Language
|July 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new classification for developmental language disorder (DLD) in children, identifying subtypes like Global, Dyspraxia, and Comprehension. The classification showed high accuracy in predicting later language and learning challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Linguistics
  • Neuropsychology

Background:

  • Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) affects language skills in children.
  • Accurate classification of DLD subtypes is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • Existing classification methods may require refinement for clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel classification system for Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) in young children.
  • To identify distinct subtypes of DLD based on comprehensive language testing.
  • To assess the clinical utility and predictive validity of the proposed DLD classification.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 18 language tests, primarily from the NEPSY (NEuroPSYchological Investigation for Children) battery.

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  • Employed Q-type factor analysis on test profiles of 40 children (Group 1) to establish initial DLD subtypes.
  • Validated the classification through a 3-year follow-up study and application to a second group of 40 children (Group 2).

    • Main Results:

    • A classification emerged with Global, Specific Dyspraxia, and Specific Comprehension subtypes.
    • The classification achieved an 80.5% hit rate in predicting spelling problems at follow-up.
    • Validation on Group 2 showed 85% coverage, with 12.5% forming a potential Specific Dysnomia subtype.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed classification effectively categorizes DLD subtypes in children aged 6-7 years.
    • The subtypes demonstrate predictive validity for later academic challenges, particularly spelling difficulties.
    • The classification offers a clinically applicable tool for understanding and addressing diverse DLD profiles.