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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos
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Tissue-specific regulation by ecdysone: distinct patterns of Eip28/29 expression are controlled by different ecdysone

A J Andres1, P Cherbas

  • 1Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405.

Developmental Genetics
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory sequences control the tissue-specific expression of the Eip28/29 gene in Drosophila. Different DNA sequences direct gene activity in various tissues, revealing distinct regulatory mechanisms for epidermal cells.

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An Ecdysone Receptor-based Singular Gene Switch for Deliberate Expression of Transgene with Robustness, Reversibility, and Negligible Leakiness
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The Eip28/29 gene in Drosophila exhibits tissue- and stage-specific responsiveness to ecdysone.
  • Previous studies have outlined its diverse expression patterns during the third larval instar.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory sequences controlling Eip28/29 gene expression using reporter genes in transgenic flies.
  • To identify DNA elements responsible for tissue-specific and stage-specific gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transgenic Drosophila to express reporter genes under the control of Eip28/29 flanking DNA.
  • Analyzed expression patterns directed by two classes of regulatory sequences (Class A and Class B) during the third larval instar and metamorphosis.

Main Results:

  • Class A sequences (657 bp 5' flanking DNA) were sufficient for epidermal Eip28/29 expression, including mid-instar upregulation and metamorphic downregulation.
  • Class B sequences (extended 3' and minimal 5' flanking DNA) directed normal Eip28/29 induction in lymph glands, hemocytes, proventriculus, and Malpighian tubules.
  • Epidermal cells appear to utilize distinct ecdysone response elements (EcREs) compared to Kc cells.

Conclusions:

  • The Eip28/29 gene's regulation involves distinct sets of DNA sequences for different tissues.
  • The epidermis employs unique regulatory mechanisms for Eip28/29 expression, potentially involving the Upstream EcRE.
  • Findings support the hypothesis that Kc cells may originate from embryonic hematopoietic cells.