Expression of decidual prolactin-related protein in the rat decidua

It is well established that rat decidual tissue produces a PRL-like hormone(s) that binds to the PRL receptor on both the corpus luteum and the decidual cells and initiates profound changes in the endocrine milieu required for the establishment of pregnancy. The recent cloning of a decidual PRL-related protein (dPRP) prompted us 1) to determine whether the expression of this gene is triggered by decidualization of the endometrial stromal cells, 2) to examine the temporal and cell-specific pattern of its expression, and 3) to examine the role of both decidual signals and PRL on levels of its messenger RNA (mRNA). Total RNA was isolated from uteri of either nonpseudopregnant rats or pseudopregnant rats with or without decidual tissue. A 1-kilobase mRNA species hybridizing strongly with the dPRP probe was present in decidualized uteri. No dPRP mRNA could be detected in uteri not subjected to decidualization. Developmental studies indicated a constant high level of dPRP mRNA in the decidual tissue until day 12 of pseudopregnancy, followed by a marked decline at a time when extensive cell death occurs in the decidua, suggesting that dPRP is constitutively expressed in this tissue. To examine the cell-specific expression of dPRP, antimesometrial decidua was separated from mesometrial decidua, and the large antimesometrial cell population was separated from the small mesometrial cells by elutriation. The results of Northern analysis revealed clearly that dPRP is abundantly and solely expressed in the large antimesometrial cells. No dPRP mRNA could be detected in the mesometrial cells and in numerous other endocrine and nonendocrine tissues. A faint signal was observed, however, in the trophoblast. Despite the very strong paracrine regulation between the antimesometrial and mesometrial cells and the high levels of PRL receptor expression in these cells, both in vivo and coculture experiments revealed no regulation of dPRP gene expression by either PRL or mesometrial cell signal, adding further support to the possibility that once induced, dPRP remains constitutively expressed. In summary, the results of this investigation revealed that the expression of dPRP in endometrial stromal cells is triggered by the induction of decidualization and that this gene is selectively and abundantly expressed in a defined cell population located in the anti-mesometrial region of the uterus. Thus, dPRP is not only a useful indicator of decidualization, but is also an excellent marker for the differentiated antimesometrial cells.