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Changes of ovarian hormonal function with aging

H L Judd1, N Fournet

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles.

Experimental Gerontology
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Female fertility declines after age 25 due to ovarian aging. Menopause involves reduced estradiol and progesterone, irregular cycles, and altered gonadotropin and inhibin levels, signaling the end of reproductive capacity.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Gynecology
  • Aging research

Background:

  • Ovarian function undergoes significant changes with advancing age.
  • Reductions in fecundability are noticeable after age 25.
  • The menopausal transition involves distinct physiological shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key changes in ovarian function during the aging process.
  • To describe the hormonal and functional alterations leading to menopause.
  • To highlight the hormonal profile changes associated with reproductive cessation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ovarian aging and menopause.
  • Analysis of hormonal changes (estradiol, progesterone, gonadotropins, inhibin, androgens) during the menopausal transition.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Correlation of ovarian function changes with age and reproductive status.

    • Main Results:

    • Fecundability decreases subtly after age 25.
    • Menstrual irregularities, including anovulation and short luteal phases, characterize the transition.
    • Menopause is marked by sharp declines in estradiol and progesterone due to ceased folliculogenesis and ovulation.
    • Elevated gonadotropins and reduced inhibin confirm loss of folliculogenesis.
    • Ovarian androgen secretion decreases, but postmenopausal testosterone secretion from the gonad increases.

    Conclusions:

    • Aging progressively impairs ovarian function, leading to reduced fertility.
    • Menopause represents a definitive cessation of reproductive capability driven by follicular depletion.
    • Hormonal shifts during menopause, including decreased ovarian steroids and altered gonadotropin/inhibin feedback, are critical indicators of this transition.