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Exercise-induced changes in immune function: effects of zinc supplementation

A Singh1, M L Failla, P A Deuster

  • 1Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|June 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Zinc supplementation may mitigate exercise-induced immune changes in runners. Supplemental zinc blocked the exercise-induced increase in reactive oxygen species, suggesting a potential antioxidant benefit for athletes.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Immunology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

  • Intense physical activity can transiently suppress immune function.
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase following strenuous exercise, potentially impacting immune cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of zinc (Zn) supplementation on immune responses to exhaustive exercise in male runners.
  • To determine if Zn supplementation alters exercise-induced changes in immune cell function and oxidative stress.

Main Methods:

  • Double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with five male runners.
  • Supplementation with 25 mg Zn (and 1.5 mg copper) or placebo twice daily for 6 days.
  • Blood samples collected pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 1-2 days after a ~2-hour treadmill run to exhaustion.

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Main Results:

  • Mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation ([3H]thymidine incorporation) decreased post-exercise compared to pre-exercise in both groups.
  • Neutrophil respiratory burst activity (a measure of ROS production) significantly increased post-exercise with placebo but not with zinc supplementation.
  • Zinc supplementation appeared to block the exercise-induced elevation in neutrophil reactive oxygen species.

Conclusions:

  • Supplemental zinc demonstrated an antioxidant effect by preventing the exercise-induced increase in neutrophil ROS production.
  • The impact of this antioxidant effect of zinc on individuals undergoing chronic physical stress requires further investigation.