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Related Experiment Videos

Remembering can cause forgetting: retrieval dynamics in long-term memory

M C Anderson1, R A Bjork, E L Bjork

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1563.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|September 1, 1994
PubMed
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Retrieval practice causes forgetting, impairing recall of unpracticed items. This retrieval-induced forgetting, particularly for high-frequency items, suggests a lasting suppression mechanism.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • The retrieval process is crucial for memory recall.
  • Understanding factors that lead to forgetting is essential for memory models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the act of retrieving information can itself lead to forgetting.
  • To identify mechanisms and characteristics of retrieval-induced forgetting.

Main Methods:

  • Participants studied categorized items.
  • Repeated retrieval practice was applied to some items within categories.
  • Delayed recall tests assessed memory for practiced and unpracticed items.

Main Results:

  • Retrieval practice impaired recall of unpracticed items, demonstrating retrieval-induced forgetting.

Related Experiment Videos

  • This forgetting effect persisted for at least 20 minutes and was not solely due to output interference.
  • The impairment was more pronounced for high-frequency items compared to low-frequency items.

    • Conclusions:

    • The retrieval process actively contributes to long-lasting forgetting.
    • Retrieval-induced forgetting involves a suppression mechanism that affects memory access.
    • These findings have implications for understanding everyday forgetting and memory inhibition.