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Intra-/inter-examiner reproducibility study of gingival bleeding

G A Van der Weijden1, M F Timmerman, C A Saxton

  • 1Department of Periodontology, ACTA Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Periodontal Research
|July 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Gingival bleeding assessment using a periodontal probe showed poor reproducibility between examiners, even with controlled force. Probe angulation, not parallel placement, resulted in less bleeding, impacting diagnostic accuracy.

Area of Science:

  • Periodontology
  • Dental Diagnostics
  • Inflammatory Lesion Assessment

Background:

  • Gingival bleeding after probing indicates inflammation.
  • Reproducibility of bleeding indices is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate probe placement and standardized force effects on gingival bleeding reproducibility.
  • To assess intra- and inter-examiner agreement using a defined bleeding index.

Main Methods:

  • Compared parallel (ParBI) and angulated (AngBI) probing techniques.
  • Utilized conventional and controlled force (0.25 N) probes (CF-ParBI, CF-AngBI).
  • Assessed bleeding reproducibility on site and quadrant bases.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Intra- and inter-examiner agreement was poor ('fair' at best) on a site basis.
  • Approximately one-third of sites received different assessments upon re-examination.
  • Angulated probing consistently produced less bleeding than parallel probing.

    • Conclusions:

    • Current probing methods lack sufficient reproducibility for reliable gingival bleeding assessment.
    • Probe angulation significantly influences bleeding outcomes, potentially affecting diagnostic sensitivity.
    • Standardizing force and angulation is critical for improving diagnostic accuracy in periodontology.