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Post-hyperventilation apnoea in conscious humans

M S Meah1, W N Gardner

  • 1Department of Thoracic Medicine, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London.

The Journal of Physiology
|June 15, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Voluntary hyperventilation (VHV) in humans can induce apnoeic pauses during recovery. These breathing pauses occur as end-tidal PCO2 falls below resting levels, independent of VHV intensity.

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Voluntary hyperventilation (VHV) is known to alter breathing patterns post-exercise.
  • Previous studies have reported conflicting findings regarding the occurrence of apnoea or hyperpnoea following VHV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics of apnoeic pauses during recovery from VHV in normal subjects.
  • To determine the relationship between end-tidal PCO2 (PET,CO2) and the occurrence and duration of apnoea.

Main Methods:

  • Nine healthy subjects underwent VHV at different intensities and durations.
  • Apnoeic pauses were analyzed for number, length, and timing during a 20-minute recovery period.
  • End-tidal PCO2 (PET,CO2) was monitored throughout the experiment.

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Main Results:

  • Apnoeic pauses increased in number and length after VHV, peaking around 2 minutes post-VHV.
  • Apnoeas occurred when mean PET,CO2 dropped below resting levels (mean 36.4 mmHg vs. 39.8 mmHg).
  • The duration and frequency of apnoeas were independent of VHV intensity and duration, and consistent across repeated trials.

Conclusions:

  • Apnoeas following VHV occur as an 'all-or-nothing' phenomenon when PET,CO2 falls below a certain threshold.
  • The findings reconcile previous conflicting reports by demonstrating both hyperpnoea and apnoea phases post-VHV.
  • Breathing recovery patterns after VHV are consistent within individuals and not influenced by learning effects.