Ultrasonic features of extracranial carotid dissections: 47 cases studied by angiography

The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the value of continuous wave Doppler velocimetry, standard duplex scanning and color Doppler flow imaging in the diagnosis of carotid dissections. From 1975 to 1993, 42 patients (mean age, 44 +/- 14 years) were admitted to the University Hospital of Angers for a carotid dissection studied first by ultrasonography, then defined by angiography. Five cases were bilateral. Continuous wave Doppler examination revealed signs of severe obstruction of the carotid arteries in 96% of the cases (occlusion, extensive submandibular tight stenoses, significant slowdowns in the carotid and ophthalmic vessels, retrograde ophthalmic blood flow). Standard duplex scanning suggested dissection in 72% of the cases (tapering stenoses or occlusion, segmental ectasis, tubular vessel, peripheral residual channel, or rare irregular "membrane"). Color Doppler flow imaging suggested a dissection in 82% of the cases. This method has the advantage of underlining the peripheral channel, the double lumen, and the dissecting hematoma, which often is hypoechoic. The ultrasonic methods (continuous wave Doppler combined with color Doppler flow imaging) failed only when they are performed late and when moderate or segmental intrapetrosal dissections were present. These ultrasonic investigations would thus appear to be useful for early diagnosis of carotid dissections.