[Hypersensitivity angiitis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura]

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Rheumatology
• Nephrology

Background:

• Hypersensitivity angiitis and Henoch-Schönlein purpura are distinct vasculitides.
• Both are classified under leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
• Hypersensitivity angiitis is linked to drug/infection triggers and affects small vessels, often with ANCA positivity.
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura involves multiple organs and shows IgA deposition in the kidneys.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the pathogenesis and treatment of hypersensitivity angiitis and Henoch-Schönlein purpura.
• To highlight the classification of these conditions within leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
• To review effective therapeutic strategies for both diseases.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing data on hypersensitivity angiitis and Henoch-Schönlein purpura.
• Analysis of pathogenic mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic markers.
• Evaluation of treatment outcomes for combined therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

• Hypersensitivity angiitis often involves venules/capillaries and is associated with drug/infectious triggers and myeloperoxidase-ANCA.
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura presents with systemic vasculitis, notably IgA nephropathy characterized by IgA1 and C3 deposition.
• Combined therapy with plasma exchange, steroids, and cyclophosphamide demonstrated efficacy in managing both conditions.

Conclusions:

• Hypersensitivity angiitis and Henoch-Schönlein purpura, despite differing features, fall under leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
• Understanding their distinct pathogenic pathways and diagnostic markers is crucial.
• Intensive treatment regimens combining plasma exchange, steroids, and cyclophosphamide offer a promising therapeutic avenue for both vasculitides.