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[Latrodectism in Madagascar]

A Ramialiharisoa1, L de Haro, J Jouglard

  • 1Service de Réanimation Médicale et de Toxicologie clinique, l'Hôpital Joseph Ravohangy, Antananarivo, Madagascar.

Medecine Tropicale : Revue Du Corps De Sante Colonial
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
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Lactrodectism cases in Madagascar reveal severe symptoms, including fatalities and gangrene, primarily from brown widow spider bites. Intravenous calcium showed effectiveness in managing pain due to lack of antivenom.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Arachnology

Background:

  • Lactrodectism, a condition caused by Latrodectus spider venom, is poorly documented in Madagascar.
  • Two spider species, Latrodectus mactans mena vody and Latrodectus geometricus, inhabit the Grand Isle.

Observation:

  • Ten cases of spider envenomation were treated at Antananarivo Hospital's Intensive Care Unit between March 1991 and July 1992.
  • Clinical manifestations included severe local pain, cardiovascular complications, kidney dysfunction, and arterial hypertension.
  • One fatality resulted from cardiovascular failure, and another case developed foot gangrene.

Findings:

  • Two captured spiders were identified as female brown widows (Latrodectus geometricus).
  • Observed symptomatology differed from classic latrodectism features associated with American and European black widow bites.

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  • Symptomatic treatment, including intravenous calcium, was administered due to the unavailability of antivenom.

    • Implications:

    • The findings suggest Latrodectus geometricus bites may present unique clinical profiles.
    • Intravenous calcium demonstrated efficacy in alleviating pain associated with lactrodectism.
    • Highlights the need for further research and potential development of specific antivenom for lactrodectism in Madagascar.