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Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and streptococcal pharyngitis

P Carlson1, O V Renkonen, S Kontiainen

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, Aurora Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a rare cause of sore throat, primarily affecting young adults aged 15-25. This bacterium is susceptible to common antibiotics but resistant to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Bacteriology

Background:

  • Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a Gram-positive bacterium.
  • It is known to cause pharyngitis and skin rash, particularly in adolescents and young adults.
  • Diagnosis often relies on throat cultures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum in patients with sore throat.
  • To characterize the clinical features and antibiotic susceptibility of A. haemolyticum infections.
  • To compare the occurrence of A. haemolyticum with other bacterial pathogens in throat cultures.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of throat cultures from 3,922 patients with sore throat.
  • Identification of bacterial pathogens, including A. haemolyticum and beta-hemolytic streptococci.

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  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolated A. haemolyticum strains.

    • Main Results:

    • Arcanobacterium haemolyticum was identified in 0.5% of all throat cultures and 2% of cultures from patients aged 15-25.
    • Common symptoms included fever (80%), lymphadenopathy (67%), pharyngeal exudate (69%), and skin rash (23%).
    • All A. haemolyticum isolates were susceptible to penicillin, erythromycin, cephalexin, and clindamycin, but resistant to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole.

    Conclusions:

    • Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is an uncommon cause of pharyngitis, predominantly seen in young adults.
    • Clinical presentation can mimic streptococcal pharyngitis, necessitating accurate laboratory identification.
    • Antibiotic susceptibility patterns indicate effective treatment options, with resistance to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole noted.