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Bioregenerative life-support systems

C A Mitchell1

  • 1NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training in Bioregenerative Life Support, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1165.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Future space habitats require controlled ecological life-support systems (CELSS) for air, water, and food. Photosynthetic organisms and waste recycling are key to sustaining long-duration space missions.

Area of Science:

  • Space exploration
  • Ecology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Long-duration space missions necessitate self-sustaining life support.
  • Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) are crucial for revitalizing atmosphere, purifying water, and producing food.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish proof of concept for the sustainability of a CELSS.
  • To identify essential components and processes for bioregenerative life support in space.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing photosynthetic higher plants and algae for biomass productivity.
  • Integrating physicochemical and bioregenerative processes for resource regeneration from waste.
  • Applying crop selection criteria based on nutritional and horticultural characteristics.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline Life Support SystemsNon-NASA Center

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Main Results:

  • Cereals, legumes, and oilseeds identified as primary macronutrient sources for a CELSS diet.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of using plants and algae for essential life support functions.
  • Biosphere 2 project serves as a model for complex ecosystem dynamics in closed environments.

Conclusions:

  • CELSS are essential for future long-duration space habitation.
  • A combination of biological and physicochemical systems is required for resource regeneration.
  • Ongoing research and projects like Biosphere 2 are vital for advancing CELSS technology.