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Related Experiment Videos

Venous return in lower limb during heat stress

P Abraham1, G Leftheriotis, B Desvaux

  • 1Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Vasculaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, France.

The American Journal of Physiology
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

During heat stress, lower limb deep veins significantly increase blood flow velocity, accommodating half of the increased cutaneous blood flow. These deep veins remain the primary route for venous return, despite no significant dilation.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Thermoregulation

Background:

  • Heat stress significantly impacts cardiovascular function and blood flow distribution.
  • Understanding venous return mechanisms during thermal challenges is crucial for physiological adaptation.
  • Superficial and deep venous systems play distinct roles in regulating blood flow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of lower limb superficial and deep veins in venous return during heat stress.
  • To quantify changes in venous cross-sectional area (CSA) and blood flow velocity (BFV) under heat stress.
  • To determine the contribution of deep veins to overall venous outflow during heat exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Ultrasound imaging was employed to measure CSA and BFV in nine femoral and nine saphenous veins.

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  • Measurements were taken at rest and during induced heat stress.
  • Maximal venous outflow (MVO) was calculated as the product of CSA and BFV.

    • Main Results:

    • Saphenous vein CSA significantly increased (4.7 to 9.1 mm2) during heat stress (P < 0.01).
    • Femoral vein CSA showed no significant change (22.7 to 22.0 mm2) (NS).
    • BFV significantly increased in both saphenous (0.06 to 0.30 m/s, P < 0.01) and femoral veins (0.14 to 0.38 m/s, P < 0.005).
    • MVO increased eightfold in saphenous veins and 2.5-fold in femoral veins.
    • Approximately 50% of the increased cutaneous blood flow returned via deep lower limb veins.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite no venodilation, deep veins are the primary pathway for venous return during heat stress.
    • Increased blood flow velocity in deep veins compensates for the lack of dilation.
    • The deep venous system is critical for managing increased blood flow during thermoregulation.