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The Pain Disability Index: factor structure and normative data

J T Chibnall1, R C Tait

  • 1Division of Behavioral Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63104.

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

The Pain Disability Index (PDI) has a one-factor structure. Factors like compensation and litigation status significantly impact disability scores in chronic pain patients more than age or gender.

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Area of Science:

  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Psychometrics
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • The Pain Disability Index (PDI) is a widely used measure for assessing functional limitations in individuals with chronic pain.
  • Understanding the psychometric properties and normative data of the PDI is crucial for accurate interpretation of scores.
  • Previous research has explored the PDI's structure, but further examination in diverse chronic pain populations is warranted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the factor structure of the Pain Disability Index (PDI).
  • To establish normative data for the PDI in a large sample of chronic pain patients.
  • To investigate the influence of demographic and clinical factors on PDI scores.

Main Methods:

  • A large sample of 1,059 chronic pain patients completed the Pain Disability Index (PDI).

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  • Factor analysis was employed to determine the underlying factor structure of the PDI.
  • Statistical analyses were conducted to derive normative data and assess the effects of covariates such as gender, age, pain duration, compensation status, litigation status, and pain onset circumstances.

    • Main Results:

    • The study confirmed a robust one-factor solution for the Pain Disability Index (PDI).
    • Demographic variables like gender, age, and pain duration exhibited minimal influence on PDI scores.
    • Compensation status, litigation status, and the circumstances surrounding pain onset demonstrated larger effects on reported disability levels.

    Conclusions:

    • The PDI demonstrates a reliable one-factor structure suitable for assessing disability in chronic pain.
    • Factors related to legal and work status significantly influence perceived disability, highlighting the importance of context in pain assessment.
    • These findings provide valuable normative data for interpreting PDI scores in clinical and research settings, particularly for patients in pain management programs.