Localized silicon distribution in supragingival calculus from Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata)

Area of Science:

• Dental calculus analysis
• Primate oral health
• Biomineralization

Background:

• Supragingival dental calculus is a common oral deposit.
• The elemental composition of calculus can vary significantly.
• Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) provide a model for studying primate oral conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the elemental distribution, specifically silicon, in dental calculus of Japanese monkeys.
• To correlate calculus presence and composition with diet and environment.
• To understand factors influencing calculus formation in this primate species.

Main Methods:

• Electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) was employed to determine elemental composition.
• Dental calculus samples were analyzed from monkeys in animal centers and wild-caught individuals.
• Dental plaque accumulation was also assessed.

Main Results:

• Localized silicon distribution was observed in the dental calculus of monkeys housed in animal centers.
• Silicon-rich areas resembled opal and clay minerals, containing various metal ions.
• Monkeys on commercial diets exhibited abundant calculus, while wild monkeys had minimal calculus and plaque.

Conclusions:

• Dental calculus in Japanese monkeys can contain significant silicon deposits.
• Calculus formation is strongly associated with prolonged exposure to commercial diets.
• Dietary factors play a crucial role in the development of dental calculus in Japanese monkeys.