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Related Experiment Videos

Contingency learning in 9-month-old infants with Down syndrome

P S Ohr1, J W Fagen

  • 1Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11550.

American Journal of Mental Retardation : AJMR
|July 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Infants with Down syndrome showed difficulty learning a contingency task compared to typically developing infants. Some infants with Down syndrome mastered the task, correlating with mental development scores.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Infants' ability to learn cause-and-effect (contingency learning) is crucial for development.
  • Down syndrome is associated with cognitive and developmental challenges.
  • Understanding learning in infants with Down syndrome informs early intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the contingency learning abilities of 9-month-old infants with Down syndrome.
  • To compare their learning to infants without disabilities.
  • To explore the relationship between learning and cognitive development in infants with Down syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Ten 9-month-old infants with Down syndrome and a control group of infants without disabilities participated.
  • Arm movements were reinforced with auditory and visual stimuli to teach a contingency.

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  • The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were used to assess mental development.

    • Main Results:

    • Infants with Down syndrome, as a group, did not learn the contingency as effectively as the control group.
    • Individual performance varied, with some infants with Down syndrome successfully mastering the task.
    • Contingency learning performance was related to scores on the Mental Development Index.

    Conclusions:

    • Some infants with Down syndrome may face challenges in conditionability, potentially declining with age.
    • Conditionability appears linked to overall mental development in infants with Down syndrome.
    • These findings highlight the heterogeneity within the Down syndrome population regarding learning abilities.