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The problem of defining heart failure

P Harris

    Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy
    |June 1, 1994
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Peripheral edema in heart disease results from insufficient cardiac output, requiring neuroendocrine support. This review clarifies theories of cardiac failure and emphasizes precise terminology for better understanding.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Physiology
    • Pathophysiology

    Background:

    • Peripheral edema in heart disease has been explained by various theories, including backward and forward failure.
    • Existing theories often overlook the role of neuroendocrine stimulation in cardiac failure.
    • Conflicting definitions of cardiac failure exist between clinical and laboratory settings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present evidence supporting a unified theory of cardiac failure.
    • To explain the development of peripheral edema in heart disease.
    • To clarify the distinction between clinical and laboratory definitions of cardiac failure.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of historical and contemporary theories of cardiac failure.
    • Analysis of the role of cardiac output and neuroendocrine activity.

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  • Examination of clinical and experimental definitions of cardiac failure.

    • Main Results:

    • Cardiac output insufficiency, necessitating excessive neuroendocrine activity, causes peripheral edema.
    • This mechanism explains edema in both reduced cardiac output and reduced peripheral resistance.
    • Distinguishing between clinical and laboratory definitions of cardiac failure is crucial.

    Conclusions:

    • A comprehensive theory of cardiac failure integrates cardiac output, neuroendocrine activity, and peripheral resistance.
    • Clear definitions are essential to resolve confusion surrounding the term 'cardiac failure'.
    • Understanding these mechanisms improves diagnosis and treatment of heart conditions causing edema.