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Photodegradation studies on chloroquine phosphate by high-performance liquid chromatography
E I Karim1, K E Ibrahim, A N Abdelrahman
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Summary
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) effectively analyzed chloroquine degradation under sunlight and UV light. Chloroquine photodegradation is influenced by pH, solvent, and oxygen levels, following pseudo-first-order kinetics at pH 8.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Photochemistry
- Pharmaceutical Analysis
Background:
- Chloroquine is a vital antimalarial drug.
- Understanding its degradation is crucial for drug stability and efficacy.
- Environmental factors like sunlight can impact drug integrity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for analyzing degraded chloroquine.
- To investigate the photodegradation kinetics of chloroquine under various conditions.
- To assess chloroquine degradation in pharmaceutical formulations stored locally.
Main Methods:
- Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.
- Photodegradation studies using UV and sunlight irradiation at ambient temperature.
- Analysis of chloroquine degradation products using photodiode array spectroscopy and preparative TLC.
Main Results:
- Photodegradation of chloroquine is dependent on pH and solvent.
- Degradation rate increases in the absence of oxygen.
- At pH 8, photodegradation follows pseudo-first-order kinetics.
- The HPLC method successfully analyzed chloroquine and its degradation products in commercial injections.
Conclusions:
- The developed HPLC method is suitable for analyzing chloroquine degradation.
- Environmental factors significantly influence chloroquine stability.
- Chloroquine degradation pathways are complex and require further investigation.