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Whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines
S M Wintermeyer1, M C Nahata, K S Kyllonen
1Ohio State University, Columbus.
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|July 1, 1994
Summary
Acellular pertussis vaccines show fewer adverse reactions than whole-cell vaccines, though efficacy in infants requires more study. New formulations are under investigation for improved delivery and safety.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Pertussis, or whooping cough, remains a significant public health concern globally.
- Vaccination is the primary strategy for pertussis prevention.
- Both whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines have been utilized, with distinct profiles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the efficacy, adverse reactions, and antibody production of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines.
- To compare the characteristics of different pertussis vaccine formulations.
- To define the current status of acellular pertussis vaccination in the United States.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive MEDLINE database search.
- Extensive review of peer-reviewed scientific journals.
- Analysis of studies reporting on pertussis vaccination experiences.
Main Results:
- Acellular pertussis vaccines generally exhibit fewer adverse reactions compared to whole-cell vaccines.
- Differences in vaccine efficacy and antibody responses between the two types of vaccines are highlighted.
- The current usage and recommendations for acellular pertussis vaccines in the US are outlined.
Conclusions:
- Acellular pertussis vaccines (chemically detoxified or recombinant) are associated with a better safety profile.
- The clinical efficacy and safety of acellular pertussis vaccines in very young infants are not yet well-established.
- Ongoing research is exploring novel delivery methods, including oral and intranasal pertussis vaccine formulations.