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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
Patient...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice
06:35

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: June 28, 2021

AIDS-related cholangiopancreatographic changes

J Farman1, J Brunetti, J W Baer

  • 1Department of Radiology, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY 10032-3284.

Abdominal Imaging
|September 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated cholangitis presents with distinct radiographic findings, including biliary duct abnormalities and strictures. Opportunistic infections are common in these patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Cholangitis is a serious biliary tract infection.
  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can predispose individuals to opportunistic infections affecting the biliary system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the cholangiographic and pancreatographic appearances of AIDS-associated cholangitis.
  • To identify common radiographic findings and associated infections in patients with AIDS-related biliary disease.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of cholangiographic and pancreatographic studies in 26 patients with AIDS.
  • Diagnostic imaging included endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), T-tube cholangiography, and transhepatic cholangiography.
  • Microbiological analysis of bile and gallbladder tissue.

Main Results:

  • Radiographic findings included intrahepatic ductal abnormalities and extrahepatic biliary tree involvement (8 patients), or ampullary/common bile duct strictures with proximal dilatation (18 patients).
  • Six of 12 patients had juxta-ampullary pancreatic duct strictures.
  • Twenty-one patients had infections with Cryptosporidium, Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, cytomegalovirus, Microsporidium, or Isospora.
  • Three patients underwent surgery for acute acalculous cholecystitis, with organisms identified in bile and gallbladder.

Conclusions:

  • AIDS-associated cholangitis exhibits characteristic cholangiographic and pancreatographic features.
  • Opportunistic infections are frequently implicated in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related cholangitis and cholecystitis.