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Perinatal infections by group B beta-haemolytic streptococci
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|December 1, 1976
Summary
Group B streptococci are a leading cause of fatal perinatal infections. Early diagnosis in newborns with respiratory distress is crucial for survival, as prophylactic treatment is not feasible due to high maternal carrier rates.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Neonatalogy
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Group B beta-haemolytic streptococci (GBS) have increased as a cause of perinatal infections since 1970.
- GBS is now the primary cause of fatal infections in newborns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence and characteristics of GBS infections in infants and mothers.
- To identify risk factors and diagnostic indicators for early GBS detection in neonates.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of infant and maternal cases with GBS isolations.
- Examination of placental pathology.
- Review of prenatal histories and infant clinical presentations.
Main Results:
- Pneumonia was present in 43/60 infants with GBS, with some also having meningitis or septicaemia.
- Ascending infection from the maternal genital tract was likely in most cases, with 15/20 placentae showing amnionitis.
- Many affected infants had low birth weight (<2500g) and presented with respiratory distress or apnoea shortly after birth, often with fatal outcomes within 48 hours.
- A high maternal vaginal carrier rate of 9% was observed.
Conclusions:
- Early diagnosis of GBS infection in neonates presenting with respiratory distress, low birth weight, or low Apgar scores is essential.
- The high maternal carrier rate makes prophylactic treatment impractical.
- Ascending infection is a significant route of transmission.