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Cellular reducing equivalents and oxidative stress

J P Kehrer1, L G Lund

  • 1Division of Pharmacology/Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin.

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|July 1, 1994
PubMed
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Cellular defense against oxidative stress relies on reducing equivalents, not energy. This review clarifies pathways supplying these equivalents, highlighting NADH

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Oxidative stress challenges cellular defense mechanisms.
  • The role of energy in antioxidant capacity is debated.
  • Glutathione (GSH) is crucial for cellular redox balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the sources and pathways of reducing equivalents for antioxidant defense.
  • To clarify the role of energy supply versus reducing equivalents in combating oxidative stress.
  • To investigate the involvement of NADH in maintaining reduced glutathione levels.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing data on cellular redox balance.
  • Analysis of pathways supplying reducing equivalents under oxidative stress.
  • Examination of mitochondrial and whole-tissue antioxidant systems.

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Main Results:

  • Reducing equivalents, not direct energy, are key to antioxidant capacity.
  • NADH appears to play a significant role in supplying reducing equivalents for GSH reduction, independent of NADPH.
  • Mitochondria contribute to antioxidant systems independently.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular defense against oxidative stress is primarily governed by the availability of reducing equivalents.
  • Energy supply is not the limiting factor in antioxidant capacity.
  • Understanding these pathways can inform strategies against oxidative stress-induced damage.