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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2026

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice
12:04

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: November 1, 2015

Infection in systemic lupus erythematosus

S Janwityanuchit1, K Totemchokchyakarn, K Krachangwongchai

  • 1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet Thangphaet
|October 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Infections are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, often linked to active disease and steroid use. These infections contribute significantly to SLE patient mortality.

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The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a high risk of infection.
  • Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rate, nature, and predisposing factors of infections in hospitalized SLE patients.
  • To identify factors contributing to infection-related mortality in SLE.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 1,069 admissions from 537 SLE patients over 10 years.
  • Analysis of infection sites, causative organisms, and association with disease activity and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Infection occurred in 25.5% of SLE admissions, with skin (Herpes zoster) being common. Major infections included tuberculosis, salmonella, and UTIs.
  • Infections were linked to active SLE (mean SLEDAI 8.8) and opportunistic infections were associated with steroid therapy (p=0.006).
  • Infections caused death in 29.9% of cases, with opportunistic pathogens playing a significant role. Cyclophosphamide use was higher in fatal cases (p=0.025).

Conclusions:

  • Infections are a critical complication in SLE, influencing disease activity and mortality.
  • Understanding infection patterns and risk factors is crucial for managing SLE patients and reducing mortality.