Dynamic changes of focal hypometabolism in relation to epileptic activity

The interictal hypometabolism in patients with focal epilepsy is usually regarded as stationary. In this study we investigated to which extent the hypometabolism may depend on the activity of the epileptic focus. In focal penicillin-induced epilepsy in rats the epileptic focus is hypermetabolic. This focus is accompanied by hypometabolism in widespread areas of adjacent cerebral cortex. The experiments revealed that these metabolic alterations are transient. Data from a patient experiencing a focal seizure during PET scanning gave similar results. They showed that the transition from interictal to ictal activity was accompanied by the development of hypermetabolic epileptic focus and the dynamic enlargement of the surrounding hypometabolism. Both, the experimental and clinical data provide evidence that the cerebral hypometabolism may vary in size depending on the activity of the epileptic focus. It is hypothesized that in human PET studies the large interictal hypometabolism may prevent the identification of hyperactive interictal epileptic foci due to the partial volume effects resulting from the limited spatial resolution of PET cameras.