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Adaptation of HIV-1 to pigtailed macaques
Abstract:
In vitro infectivity experiments were performed to assess the susceptibility of cells from various monkey species to HIV-1. T lymphocytes from pigtailed macaques, but not those from rhesus or cynomolgus monkeys, were susceptible to infection, but virus expression was limited. The majority of HIV-1 isolates were unable to productively infect pigtailed macaque cells. Inoculation of autologous, HIV-1 expressing cells led to establishment of persistent infection in pigtailed macaques as evidenced by recovery of infectious virus and development of virus-specific antibody responses.
Insights
Pigtailed macaque T lymphocytes show limited susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in vitro. However, inoculation with HIV-1 expressing cells established persistent infection in pigtailed macaques.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Primate models
Background:
- Understanding non-human primate models is crucial for studying human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis.
- Assessing cross-species viral susceptibility informs the development of relevant research models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the susceptibility of T lymphocytes from different monkey species to HIV-1 infection in vitro.
- To determine the potential of pigtailed macaques as a model for HIV-1 infection.
Main Methods:
- In vitro infectivity experiments using T lymphocytes from pigtailed macaques, rhesus monkeys, and cynomolgus monkeys.
- Inoculation of pigtailed macaques with autologous HIV-1 expressing cells.
- Monitoring for viral recovery and development of virus-specific antibody responses.
Main Results:
- T lymphocytes from pigtailed macaques were susceptible to HIV-1 infection, but with limited virus expression.
- Most HIV-1 isolates could not productively infect pigtailed macaque cells.
- Persistent infection was established in pigtailed macaques following inoculation with autologous HIV-1 expressing cells, confirmed by viral recovery and antibody development.
Conclusions:
- Pigtailed macaques exhibit partial susceptibility to HIV-1 in vitro, suggesting species-specific cellular barriers.
- The successful establishment of persistent infection in pigtailed macaques highlights their potential as a model for studying HIV-1.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of limited viral expression and optimize this model for HIV-1 research.