Metabolism of 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene by intestinal microflora

Pure cultures of anaerobic intestinal bacteria and mixed fecal microflora from human, rat, mouse, and pig were screened for the ability to metabolize 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene (7-NO2BA). Based on analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by ultraviolet (UV), mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral techniques, the compounds were identified as 7-aminobenz[a]anthracene (7-NH2BA) and benz[a]anthracene 7,12-dione (dione). Identification of 7-NH2BA as a metabolite of 7-NO2BA indicates that the anaerobic intestinal bacteria are capable of reducing 7-NO2BA to potentially bioactive intermediates. The reductive capacities of the mixed intestinal microflora were generally greater than those of pure cultures. Thus, metabolism of 7-NO2BA in the intestinal tract may be underestimated if pure cultures are used as the sole method for evaluating the potential hazard.