Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 26, 2026
10:19
Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
Published on: November 10, 2014
[Endemic goiter in Moscow and Moscow region]
Problemy Endokrinologii
|July 1, 1994
Summary
Iodine deficiency is prevalent in Moscow schoolchildren, with higher goiter rates and lower iodine levels observed in the Moscow region compared to the city. Urgent control programs are recommended to address these iodine deficiency disorders.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) remain a significant global health concern.
- Assessing iodine status in school-aged children is crucial for monitoring public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate goiter prevalence and urinary iodine levels in schoolchildren from Moscow and the Moscow region.
- To determine the severity of iodine deficiency in the studied populations.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study involving 91 children (aged 9 and 13) in Moscow and 92 in the Moscow region.
- Goiter prevalence assessed using ultrasonography.
- Urinary iodine concentration measured to estimate iodine status.
Main Results:
- Goiter prevalence was 31.1% (9-year-olds) and 17.5% (13-year-olds) in Moscow.
- In the Moscow region, prevalence was higher: 47.2% (9-year-olds) and 39.3% (13-year-olds).
- Median urinary iodine levels indicated mild iodine deficiency in Moscow (6.9-7.5 µg/dL) and moderate deficiency in the region (4.1-5.4 µg/dL).
Conclusions:
- Schoolchildren in Moscow and the Moscow region exhibit varying degrees of iodine deficiency.
- The Moscow region shows a higher prevalence of goiter and more severe iodine deficiency.
- Implementation of control programs is essential to prevent further iodine deficiency disorders.
Related Concept Videos
01:23The Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
01:28Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
01:25Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction
Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
01:28Graves' Disease I: Introduction
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
01:24Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
01:27Goiter
Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...