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Space and sanity

S Goren1, R Orion

  • 1Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0489.

Archives of Psychiatric Nursing
|August 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Psychiatric institutional architecture evolved from 19th-century asylums designed for social control to 20th-century models promoting normalcy. Later Dutch-inspired designs in Israel further adapted this concept.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Architecture
  • Sociology

Background:

  • The organization of space in psychiatric institutions is influenced by political and ideological factors, impacting behavior.
  • Traditional 19th-century English asylums and Jacksonian American counterparts functioned as "madness-maintaining" institutions.

Observation:

  • These institutions primarily served to incarcerate individuals deemed social undesirables.
  • A shift occurred in the 20th century towards nontraditional institutional architecture.

Findings:

  • The Dutch concept of "dwelling" influenced new architectural designs aimed at promoting normalcy.
  • A modified Dutch model was implemented in institutional architecture in Israel.

Implications:

  • Architectural design significantly influences patient behavior and institutional function.
  • The evolution of psychiatric architecture reflects changing societal views on mental health and social control.