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Patronizing the young: forms and evaluations

H Giles1, A Williams

  • 1University of California, Santa Barbara.

International Journal of Aging & Human Development
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
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Young adults perceive patronizing speech from older adults negatively. Three types of patronizing communication—non-listening, disapproving, and parental—were identified and evaluated differently based on the context.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Communication Studies
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Exploratory research revealed frequent and negative experiences of patronizing speech directed at Californian undergraduates by older adults.
  • Understanding young adults' perceptions of intergenerational communication is crucial for addressing age-related social dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and categorize distinct forms of patronizing speech as conceptualized by young adults.
  • To examine how variations in the age of an older speaker and their communication style influence young adults' evaluations.
  • To analyze the differential impact of various patronizing speech types on perceptions.

Main Methods:

  • Multidimensional scaling procedures were used to identify clusters of patronizing speech.

Related Experiment Videos

  • A main study employed vignettes depicting conversations between older and younger individuals, varying speaker age (40 vs. 70 years) and speech style (neutral, non-listening, disapproving, parental).
  • Participants evaluated vignette targets, and open-ended responses were content-analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Three primary categories of patronizing speech were identified: 'non-listening,' 'disapproving,' and 'parental.'
    • Patronizing elders were consistently perceived negatively by young adults.
    • An evaluative hierarchy emerged, differentiating the three patronizing forms, with perceptions varying based on the specific judgmental task.

    Conclusions:

    • Young adults possess distinct conceptualizations of patronizing speech from older adults.
    • The age of the speaker and the specific type of patronizing communication significantly influence negative perceptions.
    • Understanding these nuanced perceptions is vital for improving intergenerational communication and reducing age-based social biases.