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Related Experiment Videos

Receiver-operating characteristics in recognition memory: evidence for a dual-process model

A P Yonelinas1

  • 1Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Recognition memory involves both familiarity and recollection. This study used the process dissociation procedure to show how these two memory processes influence recognition judgments and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Recognition memory is crucial for daily functioning.
  • Existing models, like signal detection theory, primarily focus on familiarity.
  • The role of separate memory processes, such as recollection, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct contributions of familiarity and recollection to recognition memory.
  • To examine how experimental manipulations affect these two memory processes.
  • To analyze the impact of familiarity and recollection on receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Main Methods:

  • Employed the process dissociation procedure across three receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) experiments.
  • Manipulated study list length and study time to observe effects on memory performance.

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  • Analyzed changes in ROC curve parameters (intercept and slope) to infer process contributions.

    • Main Results:

    • Reducing study list length increased memory sensitivity (d') and recollection, while familiarity remained stable.
    • Increasing study time enhanced both recollection and familiarity, alongside memory sensitivity.
    • Familiarity yielded symmetrical ROCs (slope=1), whereas recollection introduced asymmetry (slope<1).

    Conclusions:

    • Recognition judgments are influenced by both familiarity and recollection, not just familiarity alone.
    • The process dissociation procedure effectively distinguishes between these two memory systems.
    • ROC curve analysis provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of recognition memory.