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Related Experiment Videos

Category-order effects in memory span

R L Greene1, R Lasek

  • 1Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Memory recall is better when digits appear before words in a list. This category-order effect depends on presentation speed and articulatory suppression, suggesting it involves active memory strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Memory
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • Memory span research investigates how individuals recall sequences of items.
  • The order of different item categories (e.g., words, digits) can influence recall performance.
  • Previous studies have explored various factors affecting memory recall, but the precise mechanisms of category-order effects require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of item category order on memory span.
  • To determine whether the category-order effect is related to input or output positions.
  • To examine the role of presentation rate and articulatory suppression in modulating this effect.

Main Methods:

  • Participants recalled lists containing both words and digits in varying orders.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experiments manipulated item category order, presentation rate, retention intervals, and articulatory suppression.
  • Both forward and backward recall tasks were employed across different experimental conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Memory span was higher when digits preceded words compared to the reverse order.
    • The category-order effect was linked to item input position, not output position.
    • The effect persisted with filled retention intervals but was eliminated by fast presentation rates or articulatory suppression.

    Conclusions:

    • Category-order effects in memory recall are not due to inherent structural properties of the memory system.
    • These effects appear to stem from mnemonic strategies actively employed by participants during list presentation.
    • Factors like presentation speed and articulatory processes can interfere with or abolish these mnemonic strategies.